![]() ![]() May mask symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency other effects. ![]() Megaloblastic anemia and deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, leafy green vegetables Impairment of proprioception, nerve damage (doses > 100 mg/day) List of vitamins Vitaminĭiarrhea possibly nausea and heartburn. Recommendations for folic acid supplementation during pregnancy reduced risk of infant neural tube defects. Governments have mandated the addition of some vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. This was followed in the 1950s by the mass production and marketing of vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Then, starting in 1935, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B complex and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available. Historically, when intake of vitamins from diet was lacking, the results were vitamin deficiency diseases. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to do so.Īll vitamins were discovered (identified) between 19. Vitamins C and E function as antioxidants. The B complex vitamins function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, by including choline, but major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A (as all- trans- retinol, all- trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all- trans- beta-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids), vitamin B 1 ( thiamine), vitamin B 2 ( riboflavin), vitamin B 3 ( niacin), vitamin B 5 ( pantothenic acid), vitamin B 6 ( pyridoxine), vitamin B 7 ( biotin), vitamin B 9 ( folic acid or folate), vitamin B 12 ( cobalamins), vitamin C ( ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calciferols), vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), and vitamin K ( phylloquinone and menaquinones). For example, there are eight vitamers of vitamin E: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. ![]() Most vitamins are not single molecules, but groups of related molecules called vitamers. The term vitamin does not include the three other groups of essential nutrients: minerals, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the diet. vitamers) that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism. If you have 100 grams of cooked butternut squash, you get 11155 UI of vitamin A.UK: / ˈ v ɪ t ə m ɪ n, ˈ v aɪ t-/ VIT-ə-min, VYTE-,Ī vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e. This flavourful, delicious and nutritious vegetable is one of the best vitamin A-rich foods. Have it raw in a salad or cook it with something, that’s your choice! But, do you know that one cup of chopped bell peppers can provide you 4665 IU of vitamin A, which is almost the complete daily dosage of vitamin A. Lettuce is a yummy leafy vegetable which tastes amazing and can instantly enhance the taste of any dish! This food definitely needs a place in your daily diet! You get 361 IU of vitamin A in one cup of shredded iceberg lettuce. Want a low-cal vegetarian source of vitamin A? Eat cantaloupe! 100 grams of cantaloupe contains 3382 IU of vitamin A, which can help you meet 68% of your daily recommended intake of vitamin A. This vegetable is also low in calories and gives only 100 calories per serving, so if you want to lose weight or just wish to eat healthy, have it! This root vegetable is enjoyed widely in this cold season because everyone likes the way it tastes like! But, do you know that 100 grams of sweet potato can provide you 19218 IU of vitamin A, which is 384% of the daily recommended amount of vitamin A. So, have spinach soup this winter and get a stronger immunity instantly! If you love spinach then, you are in luck! A cup of spinach provides a whopping 2,813 IU of vitamin A. If you eat it daily, it will improve your vision and boost your immunity! One carrot has 7835 IU of vitamin A and one serving(100 grams) has 17033 IU of vitamin A. Now you know why we eat gajar ka halwa in winters! Carrot is an excellent source of vitamin A and it comes in the form of beta-carotene, which is a very healthy antioxidant. ![]()
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